tlai;a cd;sl fmruqK

01' ye¢kaùu

1948 jif¾ fï rfÜ ish¨ ck;dj tlai;a ù YS% ,dxflah wkkH;dj hgf;a ksoyi Èkd .;ay'
m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,k l%uhla hgf;a wd¾Ól yd iudchSh jYfhka bÈßhg hdu ck;d m%d¾:kh
úh' jir 61 l ld,hla f.ù f.disks' fï ld,h ;=< foaYh T;am, l< ms<sldjlaj ;snQ
;%ia;jd§ Wjÿr o ;=rka lr,Sug yels úKs' kuq;a j¾;udkh lïmd lrjk wjdikdjka; lreK
jkqfha ck;djf.a foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól yd iudchSh ksoyi n,j;a wk;=rlg m;aj ;sîuh'
kS;sfha wdêm;H fkdi,ld yer ;sfí' udOHfõ§yq" uy uÕ >d;kh flfr;s' by< isg my<
;,h olajdu ¥IKh Tvq ÿjd ;sfí' ue;sjrK" fmd,sia iy rdcH fiajd hk fCIa;%hka ys
iajdëk;ajh flf,id oud we;' udOH ksoyi j, m,a,g weo oud wjidkh' wyi Wig by<
k.sk Ôjk úhou" ord.; fkdyels nvq ñ, iy ú/lshdj fya;=fjka iuia: ck;dju wd¾Ól
mSvkfha f.dÿre njg m;a ù isá;s' wOHdmkh fooreï ld yudrh' fi!LH fCIa;%h úkdY uqLhg
weo ±óu ksid frda. muKla fkdj uq¿ uy;a frday,a moaO;shu jix.; njg m;a ù we;'

tneúka" ñksia whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Kh lrñka" NdIKfha yd m%ldYkfha ksoyi" /iaùfï yd iud.ufha ksoyi" jD;a;Sh iñ;s msysgqùfï iy ls%hd;aul lsÍfï ksoyi" ixialD;sl N=la;s ú£fï ksoyi" ;ukag ßis /lshdjl fyda jD;a;shl ksr;ùfï ksoyi" fi!LH iïmkakj jdih lsÍfï ksoyi" YS% ,xldj ;=< .uka ìuka hdfï ksoyi yd ßis ia:dkhl mÈxÑ ùfï ksoyi muKla fkdj" Ôj;a ùfï ksoyi mjd úkdY lr ±uQ fï u¾okldÍ md,kh wjika fldg"

isxy," fou<" uqia,sï" bkaÈhka iïNjhla we;s ck;dj we;=¿ ish¨ ck fldgiaj,g tlÕ úh yels idlÉPduh foaYmd,k úi÷ula Tiafia rg tlafiai;a fldg ;srir iduh Wod lsÍug iy mSä; ck;djf.a wf|dakd ksjd,k" mqrjeishkaf.a wd§kNdjh iqrlsk" ish¨ fokdgu Wiia Ôjk ;;aa;ajhla w;am;a lr .ekSug bvlv ie,fik" ;ukaf.a oCI;dj iy yelshdj wkqj fmrgu hd yels kj iudchla ìys lr,Su i|yd"

m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd iudc idOdrKh ms<s.kakd ish¨ foaYmd,k mCI o"

udkj ysñlï iy m%cd;ka;S%h whs;sjdislï w.h lrk ish¨ isú,a yd ixialD;sl ixúOdko"

j;auka md,khg tfrys ish¨ ck fldgia o"

talrdYS lr fï u¾okldÍ ¥Is; mjq,a md,kh wjika lr ckys;ldó wdKavqjla ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd mq¿,a foaYmd,k ikaOdkhla ìys lr,Sug ±ka ld,h t<eU ;sfí'

02' wruqKq yd mrud¾:

2'1 fkdfnÿKq YS% ,xldjla ;=< fN!ñl wLKav;dj;a" iaffjÍ;ajh;a iq/lSu'

2'2 úOdhl ckdêm;s OQrh wfydais lsÍu yd md¾,sfïka;=jg j.lshk úOdhl w.ue;s OQrhla we;s lsÍu;a" md¾,sfïka;=jg jeä n,;, ,nd §ug yels jk mßÈ jHjia:dfõ we;s wvq ¨yq~qlï ksjerÈ lrñka" Èk 180 la ;=< kj uyck jHjia:djla iïmdokh lsÍu;a" md¾,sfïka;=j úisrejd yeÍug;a wud;H ;k;=re i|yd ;u wNsu;h mßÈ weue;sjreka m;a lsÍug;a úOdhlhg we;s n,h wfydais lsÍfï j.ka;s we;=<;a lsÍug;a mshjr .ekSu iy wud;Hjrekaf.a m%udKh jHjia:dfjka u ksYaph lsÍu yd m;a lrk ish¨ wud;Hjrekaf.a ixLHd ^leìkÜ wud;H $ ksfhdacH wud;H $ úIhNdr wud;H ish¨ ixLHdj& md¾,sfïka;= uka;S% ixLHdfjka 1$3 g fkdjeä úh hq;=hs' tfukau" úOdhlh i;= wiSñ; n,h ^uqIaáh& Èk 30 la we;=<; md¾,sfïka;= fhdackdjlska wfydais lsÍu'

2'3 iEu mqrjeishl=gu wd¾Ólfha iudk bv m%ia:d ysñ jk f,i wd¾Ól ksoyi ;yjqre lsÍu'

2'4 m%cd;ka;%sl whs;sjdislï iqrCIs; flfrk mßÈ foaYmd,k ksoyi" woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi yd f;dr;=re ±k .ekSfï ksoyi iqrCIs; lsÍu'

2'5 ckjd¾.sl;ajh" wd.ñl weoys,s" ixialD;sl ne£ï l=ula jqjo ish¨ fokdu iudk;ajfhka i,lk mßÈ iudc ixialD;sl ksoyi ;yjqre lsÍu;a <ud yd ldka;d whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsÍu;a iudcfha úúO fldgiaj, whs;Ska ;yjqre lsÍu'

2'6 rg fj,df.k we;s w,a,ia yd ¥IKh ÿr,k ksoyia yd msßisÿ úksúoNdjfhka hq;= md,k ;ka;%hla we;s lsÍu'

03' oYrdc m%;sm;a;sh

3'1 furg ;u uõìu f,i i,lk ish¨ cd;Skag ysñ" th ;ukaf.au rg hehs Woï weksh yels ksoyia rdcHhla (

ienE YS% ,dxlsl cd;shla ìys lr,Su Wfoid YS% ,dxlsl wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍug lghq;= lrk w;f¾§u YS% ,xldj ;ukaf.a uõìu f,i i,lk isxy," fou<" uqia,sï" uef,a" n¾.¾" md¾is" iskaÈ hk ish¨ cd;Ska yd ck j¾.hkag ;u udkj wNsudkh iq/flk" udkj whs;sjdislï yd m%cd;ka;%Sh whs;sjdislï mokï lr.;a cd;sl rdcHhla ìys lsÍu yd ta uÕska iduldó yd ksoyia iudc mßirhla f.dvkeÕSu fuka u" by; lS wruqKq ld¾hCIuj iïmdokh l< yels ks¾foaYmd,ksl mßmd,ksl l%uhla we;s lsÍu'

3'2 ienE m%;sixOdk ls%hdj,shlska (Reconciliation) miq f.dvkÕk kS;s.rel yd iduldó rdcHhla (

iajdNdúl fuka u" ñksid úiska ks¾udKh l< úm;aj,g uqyqK ÿka iudchla f,i" tlS hqo yd
iajdNdúl úm;aj,g uqyqK ÿka úúO ck;Sre foaYmd,kslj yd iudc udkislj m%;sixOdk
ls%hdj,shlg fhduq lr,Su rchl m%Odk j.lSu fõ' ta w;r iqkdñfhka neg lE ck;dj o"
hqoaOfhka ñh.sh yd wj;eka jQjka fuka u" wndê; jQ yd ñh .sh rKúrejka o m%Odk fldg
ie,lsh hq;= fõ' tjeks m%;sixOdk ls%hdj,shlska miq" hqo ìh fkdue;s" u¾okh yd NSIKh
ioygu mrdch lrk" ±kg bj;,d we;s foaYmd,ksl ksoyi we;=¿ il,úO ksoyi yd
iudkd;au;dj ;yjqre lrk" kS;sfha n,h mj;sk" kS;s.rel iduldó iudchla f.dvkeÕSu'

3'3 yDo idCIshg we;s ksoyi yd is;Sfï ksoyi ;yjqre lrk w;f¾u nqoaOd.u uq,a fldg.;a i¾j wd.ñl rdcHhla (

fn!oaOd.u wdrCId lsÍu" fmdaIKh lsÍu wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre lr we;s m%;s{djg
uq,a ;ek foñka nqoaOd.u yd ish¨ wd.ï weoySfï ksoyi wdrCId lrk rdcHhla iy ta ;=< iEu
;eke;af;l=gu wNsu; wd.ula weoySfï fyda je<| .ekSfï ksoyi we;=¿j is;Sfï ksoyi"
yDo idCIsfha ksoyi" wd.ñl ksoyi ;yjqre lsÍu'

3'4 ieug i;=áka Ôj;a úh yels fi!Nd.Hu;a rdcHhla (

foaYfha iïm;a idOdrKj ish¨ ck;djg iudkj fn§hk wd¾Ólhla f.dvkeÕSu yd ta ;=< ÿ.S
Ndjfhka yd oßø;dfjka mSä; jQ ck;dj bka uqojd .kakd w;f¾§u talmqoa., wdodhu jeä
lsÍu" ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla ;=< § /lshd wjia:d we;s lr,Sug lghq;= lsÍu" jD;a;Sh fiajd
m%j¾Okh by< uÜgulg f.k taug jev lrk ck;djf.a jD;a;Sh whs;sjdislï iqrCIs;
lsÍug;a mshjr .ekSu" ldka;djka yd ;reKhka i|yd iudcfha ms<s.ekSu jeä lsÍug;a
jeäysá iudcfha iudc wdrCIKfha j.lSu rcfha j.lSula fldg ie,lSu'

3'5 ieug m%;s,dN ysñ cd;sl wd¾Ólhla f.dvkÕk rdcHhla (

f.da,ShlrKfha Okd;aul m%jK;dj,ska jdis ,nd .kakd w;ru" tys wjdis iy.; n,mEïj,ska jD;a;Sh" l¾udka;" lDIs yd fiajd imhk fm!oa.,sl wxYh o iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHjidhlhka fuka u" by< mßudKfha wdfhdack jHdmdr iqrCIs; lsÍu' tuÕska iEu wxYhlu ksIamdok yd fiajd iemhSu by< uÜgulg f.k tau' rdcH wkq.%yh hgf;a foaYSh wd¾Ólhla f.dvke.Su' rfÜ wd¾Ól mßirh iuÕ ixfõ§ jk OrKSh ixj¾Okh iuÕ noaO lsÍu'

3'6 ;=,s; iudc ixj¾Okh iudc j;alula njg m;a lrk ieug iqjh i,ik fi!LH
l%uhla" ieug fijK i,ik ksjdi jevms<sfj<la yd 21 jeks ishjig iß,k wOHdmk
l%uhla i,ik rdcHhla (

cd;sfha ksfrda.S iïm;a;sh wdrCId lr .ekSu i|yd mshjr .ekSu" YS>%fhka jHdma; jk ukao fmdaIKh ÿre lsÍu" ck;d fmdaIKh j¾Okh lsÍu" <ud - ldka;d we;=¿ ffjoH fiajh Wiia uÜgulg f.k tau" wdndê; msßi i|yd úfYaI /ljrKh ,nd fok jevms<sfj<la Èh;a lsÍu;a ta i|yd jQ cd;sl fi!LH yd iudc rCIK l%uhla we;s lsÍu'

ysig jy,la fkdue;s ck;djg iaÒr ksfjila ysñ lr .ekSu i|yd w;ys; fok jHdmdrhla iy ieug ksfjil whs;sh ;yjqre flfrk jevms<sfj<la f.dvkeÕSu'

21 jeks Y; j¾Ihg .e,fmk mßÈ cd;sl wOHdmk l%uhla ks¾udKh lsÍug ieug wOHdmkh iy;sl jk rdcH m%;sm;a;shla ls%hd;aul lsÍu'

3'7 f.da,Sh mqrjeishl= ìys lrk w;f¾u" foaYSh ixialD;sl jákdlï iq/flk rdcHhla

újD; jk f.da,Sh iudch ;=< Yla;su;a YS% ,dxlslhl= ìys lsÍug lghq;= lrk w;f¾u jir 2500 l bme/Ks YS% ,dxlsl ck;djf.a ixialD;sl Wreuhka wdrCId fldg m%j¾Okh lsÍug wkqn, fok jevms<sfj<la ls%hd;aul lsÍu'

3'8 iudcfha moku jk mjq," orejka yd ;reK ;reKshka iqrlsk rdcHhla (

ñksia iudcfha moku jkafka mjq,hs' udkjhd w;a±lSï ,eîu wrUkqfha ;dreKH ;=<sks' mjq,la
ia:djr ùu hkq t;=< f.dvkÕk orejdf.a fN!;sl yd udkisl moku Yla;su;a ùuhs' Yla;su;a
orejl= hkq wkd.; Yla;su;a jeäysáfhls' fulS wdrïNl ,CIH folu ksis f,i fmdaIKh
fldg ia:djr yd Yla;su;a udkj iudchlg fukau" ia:djr wkd.;hlg flfrk wdfhdackhla
f,i i,ld mjq," orejka iy ;reK mrïmrdj Yla;su;a lsÍug wkqn, fok jevms<sfj<la
ls%hd;aul lsÍu'

3'9 kj foaYmd,k ixialD;shla u; mqrjeis iudchla f.dvkefÕk rdcHhla (

ck;d is;=ï me;=ï ksfhdackh lrkakd jQ ld¾hCIu ksfhdack m%cd;ka;%jdohla ìys lsÍfuys,d kj foaYmd,k ixialD;shl meje;au yd ta u; iudc hq;=lï yd whs;sjdislï ms<sn| ixfõ§ mqrjeis iudchla f.dvkeÕSu w;HjYH lreKls' hy md,khla furfgys we;s lsÍu rchl j.lSu fõ' by; lS kj foaYmd,k ixialD;sh ;=< uyck ksfhdað;hd" uyckhdg j.lshk" kS;sfha n,hg .re lrk" mdroDIH" ld¾hCIu yd iM,odhl uyck ksfhdað;hl= njg m;a lrk w;ru udkj wNsudkfhka hq;=j yd fi!Nd.Hfhka yd i;=áka Ôj;a jk fya;=jd§ mqrjeishl= f.dvkeÕSu'

3'10 f,dj Èkk wNsudkj;a rdcHhla (

bÈßhg hk f,dj iuÕ Wfrka Wr .eà wNsudkj;a rgla f,i ke.S isáh yels iaffjÍ rdcHhla ìys lsÍu' tfiau" f.da,Sh .ïudkhl wfmalu iq/flk úfoaY m%;sm;a;shla f.dvkeÕSu'