miq.shod rdcH fiajd tlai;a fyo ix.ufha fufyhùfuka meje;s W;aijhl§ ckdêm;sjrhd m%ldY lr ;snqfKa Y%S ,xldj wid¾:l rdcHhla f,i ye¢kaùug iuyreka W;aidy lrk kuq;a" th wid¾:l rdcHhla fkdjk njh'

Y%S ,xldj f,dalfha wiu;a rdcHhka w;r uq,afmf<a ia:dkhla Èkdf.k ;snqfKa pkaøsld md,k iufha isgh' wfußldfõ zf*dßka fmd,sisZ iÕrdj iy iduh i|yd jQ wruqo, taldnoaOj fufyhjk ,o ióCIKhl m%;sM, f,i t<s±lajQ f,dalfha wiu;a rdcHhkaf.a ,ehsia;=fjys" rdcmCI md,kfha ;=kajeks jir jQ 2008§ ,xldj isáfha krlu rdcHhka w;ßka 20jeks ia:dkfhah' zf*dßka fmd,sisZ iÕrdj zYsIagdpdrfha .egquZ ksnkaOfha rpl ieuqfj,a ykaákagka úiska wdrïN lrk ,oaols' idudkHfhka jif¾ uehs udifha tu iÕrdj úiska f,dalfha wiu;a rdcHhkaf.a o¾Ylh t<solajkq ,nhs'

rfÜ ckdêm;sjrhd f,i uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d ;u rdcHh wiu;a tlla f,i ms<s.kakg lsisfia;a leue;s ke;s nj meyeÈ,s ldrKhls' ckdêm;sjrhd muKla fkdj rfÜ lsisu mqrjeishl= o ish rg wiu;a rdcHhla f,i kï lefrkjdg b÷rdu úreoaOh' ;u rg wiu;a rdcHhla f,i ms<s.kakg wlue;sh' wm fndfyda fofkl= is;d isákafka ,xldj f,daflka W;=ï rg lshdh' ta ksid" lsisfjl= ,xldj wiu;a rdcHhla lshkafka kï" th ,xldjg tfrys cd;Hka;r l=uka;%Khla f,i;a" tf,i lSu foaYfødaySlula f,i;a" tf,i lshkakd foaYfødayshl= f,i;a ie,lSug wm mqreÿ ù isàu h:d¾:hls'

úfYaIfhka ;udf.a úOdhl ckdêm;sOqrh flakaø.;j f.dvk.k ,o rdcH jHqyhla ;=<" tu rdcHh wiu;a jkafka kï tys m<uq j.lsjhq;a;d ;ud jk njg yeÕSula iy ±kSula ckdêm;sjrhdg fkd;sfíheZhs lsj fkdyelsh'

zf*dßka fmd,sisZ iÕrdfõ 2009 wiu;a rdcH o¾Ylh ;ju;a t<solajd ke;' tfy;a" ,xldj wiu;a rdcHhlao keoao hk m%Yakh ke.Sug th ndOdjla fkdfõ'

wiu;a rdcHhla hkq l=ulao hkak ms<sn|j wiu;a rdcHhkaf.a o¾Ylh mj;ajdf.k hk nqoaê uKav,fha m%Odkshd jYfhka lghq;= l< frdnÜ whs frdÜn¾.a 2002 The Washington Quaterly (Summer) iÕrdjg ú.%y fldg ;snqfKa fufiah'

z1' wiu;a rdcHhl wdh;k l%uh b;d ÿ¾j, yd úlD;s ;;a;ajhl mj;shs' fndfyda ÿrg ;sfnk wdh;k w;=frka l%shdldÍ ;;ajhl mj;skafka úOdhlh muKh'

2' jHjia:dodhlhla we;;a th mj;skafka rn¾ uqødjl ;;a;ajhlh' jHjia:dodhlh mj;skq we;af;a m%cd;dka;S%h jdo újdoj,ska f;drjh'

3' wêlrKh mj;skafkao iajdëk;ajh wysñ lr.;a úOdhlfha w;fld¨jla f,ih' úfYaIfhka rdcHhg iïnkaO wdrdjq,aj,§ mqrjeishkag hqla;sh bgqlr.; fkdyels ;;a;ajhlh'

4' ks,Or;ka;%ho ;sfnkq we;af;a fndfyda l,l isg jD;a;Shfõofha we;s j.lSfï .Kh wysñlr.ksñka mqrjeishka mSvdjg m;alsÍfï wruqKska úOdhlh fok wK mgq iajrEmhlska l%shdjg k.kakkaf.a ;;a;ajhlh'

5' hqoaO yuqodj hï wdldrhl ms<s.ekSula b;sß lrf.k isák tlu wdh;kh úh yels jqj;a" tho ±ä foaYmd,klrKhlg ,laj ;sfnk ;;a;ajh ;=< th ;sfnkjd we;af;ao fmr meje;s Ôj .=Kh wysñlr.;a ;;a;ajhlh'Z

frdnÜ whs frdÜn¾.a óg wu;rj wiu;a rdcHhl ;sìh yels ;j;a ,laIK olajhs' tajd wvqjeä jYfhka wiu;a rdcHj, ;sìh yelsh'

1' tjeks rdcHhl ;%ia;jd§ ler,s tlla fyda folla ;sîu
2' j¾.h" wd.u" NdIdj" l=,h fyda f.da;%h jeks idOl u; mj;akd fNaoj, by< uÜgul j¾Okhla ;sîu
3' N+ñfha iuia; wdêm;Hh rch i;= fkdùu
4' rdcHh iuia; mqrjeis m%cdj fjkqfjka fmkS isákjd fjkqjg f;dard.;a lKavdhula fjkqfjka fmkS isàu
5' udkj ysñlï W,a,x>khka by< wkqmd;slhlska isÿùu
6' wmrdO wkqmd;slh by< uÜgula .ekSu
7' wj;ekajQjkaf.a wkqmd;slh by< uÜgul ;sîu
8' rg w;yer hkakkaf.a wkqmd;slh by< uÜgula .ekSu
9' by< uÜgfï ¥IK wkqmd;slhla ;sîu
10' m<s.ekSfï Wreuh by< uÜgul mej;Su
11' rdcHh úiska mj;ajdf.k hdhq;= wOHdmk" fi!LH fiajd jeks wxY ì|jefgñka tu fCI;%j, fm!oa.,sl wxYfha l%shdldÍ;ajh j¾Okh ùu
12' wdodhï jHdma;sfha wiudk;djkaf.a fõ.j;a j¾Okh
13' wd¾Ól bvm%ia:d újrù we;af;a md,lhdg fyda md,l mCIhg ióm iq¿ msßilg muKla ùu
14' uyck wdrlaIdj iy;sl lsÍfï yelshdjla rchg fkdùu
15' ndysr n,fõ.hkaf.a w;fmùï by< uÜgul mej;Su

±ka" ish rg wiu;a rdcHhla±Zhs kej; yeÍ n,kakg leu;s ,dxlslhl=g ta i|yd by; ñkqï o~q Woõjg .;yelsh' ,xldj bkafka fld;eklo@

frdÜn¾.a lshk wdldrhgu ,xldfõ uq¿ukskau l%shd;aul jk n,OdÍ tlu wdh;kh jkafka úOdhlhhs' wfma rfÜ wdKavql%u jHjia:dj úiska ta Wmßu n,OdÍ;ajh úOdhlh fj; f.dvkxjd § we;=jdla fukau" úOdhlh ta n,h mdúÉÑlrk wdldrfhkao" rfÜ u;jd§ kdhlhka" nqoaêu;=ka" kduOdÍka yd mqrjeishka ta n,h ms<s.kakd wdldrfhkao ta nj meyeÈ,sj fmfkhs' wfma wdKavql%u jHjia:djg wkqj ckdêm;sOqrh jkdys iqmsß taldêm;s;ajfha ixfla;hhs'

j¾;udk ckdêm;s jrhd wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka ;udg mejÍ we;s n,;, Wmßu wdldrfhka N=la;s ú¢kjd muKla fkdj ßis fia wdKavql%u jHjia:dj W,a,x>k fhyso fhfohs' Tyq 17jeks wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uq¿ukskau fkdi,ld lghq;= lrhs' wdKavql%u jHjia:d iNdj iajdNdúl urKhlg ,lafldg" iajdëk fldñIka iNdj,g iy rfÜ jeo.;a Oqrj,g m;alsÍï ;ukaf.a ;ks wNsu;h wkqj lrf.k hhs' miq.shod foaYSh wdodhï fomd¾;fïka;=fõ flduidßia fckrd,a f,i wNshdpkdêlrK úksiqre fla à Ñ;%isß m;alsÍug .;a ;SrKh tys wdikak;u wjia:djhss' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ kS;Hkql+,j ;sfnk" tfy;a wêlrKfha iajdëk;ajhg n,j;a f,i n,mEula flfrk" tksidu fuf;la lsisÿ úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhl= úiska fï wdldrhg Wmfhda.S fldgf.k ke;s m%;smdokhla hgf;a th lrk ,È' ta yer kS;sm;s jeks w;sYh ;SrKd;aul Oqrj, isg jeo.;a Oqr fndfyduhlgu m;alrkq ,en we;af;a ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ^muKla fkdj wdKavqfõ kdhlhkaf.a& fm!oa.,sl ys;j;=ka iy {d;Skah' wdKavql%u jHjia:d iNdj fkdue;s ;;a;ajhla hgf;a" rfÜ wêlrK moaO;sfha uQ,dikh jk ó<Õ w.úksiqrejrhd f,io m;aùug kshñ;j we;af;a ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ióm;uhl= ñi wka ljrl=j;a fkdfõ'

md¾,sfïka;=fõ nyq;rhla jk leìkÜ uKav,ho iïmQ¾Kfhkau úOdhl ckdêm;sjrhdf.a mohg kgk" Tyq lshk foau Wia yçka .dhkd lrk .dhk yd jdok jDkaohla ñi wka lsisjla fkdfõ' frdÜn¾.a lshk wdldrhgu" md¾,sfïka;=j jkdys rn¾ uqødjls' fÊ;a;=jg we|me<|.;a jdpd,hkaf.a ;=Ügq fofla neK w~.id.ekSï yer tys lsisÿ ne?reï m%cd;ka;%jd§ ixjdohla ke;' wêlrKh flfrys úOdhlfha n,mEu w;sYh ;on, f,i mj;shs' neÆ ne,aug úOdhlhg tfrysj hk ;Skaÿ fok njla fmkqKo wjidk ú.%yfha§ tu ;Skaÿ yqfol,d" úIh uQ,sl tajd ñi" m%jK;djla f,i ñksia whs;Ska m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk tajd fkdjk nj meyeÈ,sj fmfkhs'
rfÜ foaYmd,k mCI l%uh fukau" rfÜ Pkaoodhlhka ue;sjrKj,§ ;Skaÿ fok wdldrho újdoiy.;h' md,l mlaIfha ish¨ ;Skaÿ ;SrK .efkkafka tys kdhlhdf.a wNsu;h wkqjh' Tyq leu;s flfkl= leu;s fudfyd;l mlaIhg n|jd.kshs' ;ukaf.a jqjukdj wkqj ±kgu;a bkakd wdik ixúOdhlhka m<jd yer fjk;a mCIj,ska meñKs whg ixúOdhllï fohs' ue;sjrKj,§ wfmalaIllï m%odkh lrhs' tlai;a cd;sl mCIfha kdhlhd l<fyd;a" zm%cd;ka;% úfrdaë" taldêm;sZ f,i jrkef.kq we;s ish¨ ls%hdldrlï md,l mCIfha kdhlhd úiska flfroa§ tajd zckdêm;sjrhdf.a fm!reIhZ f,i w¾:±lafjhs' ue;sjrK ch.; yelafla uyd OkialkaOhla ùislrk ;eke;a;l=g muKs hk woyi yd Pkaoh Èh hq;af;ao i,a,s ;sfnk tll=g muKs hk woyi iaÓr jk wdldrfha ue;sjrK l%uhla ±kqj;aj l%shd;aul flfrhs' iqmsß wfmaCIlhka Pkao i|yd úhoï lrk w;súYd, OkialkaOh Wmhd.kafka fldfykao hkak lsisjl= okafka ke;' tajd .ek fidhdne,Sug n,hla yd yelshdjla we;s ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhd wmDIaG jxYslhl= f,iu l,af.jhs'

fláfhka lsjfyd;a" rg hñka ;sfnkafka merKs jevjiï rdcOdks ixl,amh fj;h' ta i|yd u;jd§ n,mEï lefrk zzwfma uy rÊcqrejkaZZ .ek lshk .S; mjd ±ka rdcHdkq.%yfhkau t<s±lafjñka ;sfí'

rfÜ ks,Or ;ka;%h okafka jßkajr wr,sh.y ukaÈrhg le|jd" lEu melÜgqjla iy isis,a îu tlla iu. ,ndfok ckdêm;sjrhdf.a .re .ïNSr l;djla widf.k f.dia kej; thu m%;srdjh lrñka isàu ñi wka hula fkdfõ' ;uka úiskau udkqIsl fufyhqula f,i y÷kajd .;a hqoaOhla yryd u;jd§ wdêm;Hh ;yjqre lr.;a yuqodj" ta j¾.jd§ l%shdodufha m%;sM,hla f,i Bkshd fyd| kula we;slr f.k isáhs' tfy;a" ta iu.u frdÜn¾.a lshk wdldrhg th foaYmd,kSlrKfha fl<jrgu meñK isáhs'

rchg yqÿ ;%ia;jdoS le/,a,la f,i fmfkk kuq;a" rdcHfha iqcd;Ndjh m%Yak lrk yd iq¿ cd;Skaf.a whs;sjdislï ms<sn| .eg¨j m%ldYjk" fou< ck;djf.a wr.,h rfÜ Bkshd ia:djrNdjhg ;SrKd;aul f,i n,mdhs' lshk wdldrhgu hqouh l%shdud¾. wjika jqj;a" fkdúi£ mj;sk jd¾.sl .eg¨j úiska rdcHfha j,x.=Ndjh kej; kej;;a wNsfhda.hg ,lalrkq we;' md,l ikaOdkfha u yjq,aldrhka úiska jmqrkq ,nk j¾.jdoh yd wd.ïjdoh úiska rfÜ ckj¾.hka Wmßu f,i O%eùlrKhg ,laflfrñka mj;shs' rch fmkS isákafka uycd;sl" rdcmdCIsl Pkaoodhlhka fjkqfjka ñi uq¿uy;a mqrjeishka fjkqfjka fkdfõ' niakdysr m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKfha§ tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg Pkaoh ÿka ishhg ;sy ;Kfld< lk yrla jeksheZhs rfÜ m%Odk weu;sjrhl=f.a uqúka m%isoaO fõÈldjla u;§ w;afmd<ika uOHfha m%ldYkafka ta ;¾lh wkqjh' md,l mlaIh" rfÜ iq¿ cd;slhka úiska ;SrKd;aul f,i m%;sfCIm lrñka ;sfnk w;r" Tjqka Èkd.ekSu fjkqjg j¾.jd§ ffjrh jmqrk foaYk meje;aùu wdKavqfõ foaYmd,k kdhlhka úiska fkdkj;ajd lrf.k hkq ,efnhs'

fï wdldrhg frdnÜ frdÜn¾.a lshk mßÈ wiu;aùu i|yd rdcHhlg ;sfnk il,úO wdldrfha iqÿiqlï ,xldj wvqjeä jYfhka imqrd ;sfí' iy imqrñkao ;sfí' rch lshk úêhg W;=ro ch.ekSfuka miq" tlu wdKavqjl wdêm;Hh rg mqrdu jHdma;j ;sfnk njg Woï weksh yels kuq;a" rg iu;a rdcHhla jkafka tmuKlska fkdfõ'

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